The following list is an overview of the more widely applicable tax changes affecting individuals and families in the new “American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009” (the 2009 economic stimulus act):

“Making Work Pay” credit

The new law provides an individual tax credit in the amount of 6.2 percent of earned income not to exceed $400 for single returns and $800 for joint returns in 2009 and 2010. The credit is phased out at adjusted gross income (AGI) in excess of $75,000 ($150,000 for married couples filing jointly). The credit can be claimed as a reduction in the amount of income tax that is withheld from a paycheck, or through a credit on a tax return. Under the credit, workers can expect to see perhaps $13 a week less withheld from their paychecks starting around June. Next year, the extra take-home pay will go down to around $9 per week.

Expanded first-time credit for first-time home buyers

Last year, Congress provided taxpayers with a refundable tax credit that was equivalent to an interest-free loan equal to 10% of the purchase of a home (up to $75,000) by first-time home buyers. The provision applied to homes purchased on or after April 9, 2008 and before July 1, 2009. Taxpayers receiving this tax credit were required to repay any amount received under this provision back to the government over 15 years in equal installments (or earlier if the home was sold). The credit phases out for taxpayers with adjusted gross income in excess of $75,000 ($150,000 in the case of a joint return). The new law enhances the credit by eliminating the repayment obligation for taxpayers that purchase homes on or after January 1, 2009. It also extends the credit through the end of November 2009, and bumps up the maximum value of the credit from $7,500 to $8,000.

If you are a first time home buyer in the Chicagoland Area, there will be a FREE first time home buyer seminar on March 5, 2009 at the Schaumburg Community Recreation Center. The new tax credit for first time home buyers will be discussed among other topics in a roundtable format. Seats are limited so be sure to register here.

Economic recovery payment

The new law provides for a one-time payment of $250 to retirees, disabled individuals and Social Security beneficiaries and SSI recipients receiving benefits from the Social Security Administration and Railroad Retirement beneficiaries, and to veterans receiving disability compensation and pension benefits from the U.S. Department of Veterans’ Affairs. The one-time payment is a reduction to any allowable Making Work Pay credit.

Tax break for new car purchasers

For 2009, the new law allows taxpayers to deduct State and local sales taxes paid on the purchase of a new automobile, including light trucks, SUVs, motorcycles, and motor homes. The tax break phases out starting with taxpayers earning $125,000 per year ($250,000 for joint returns). The deduction is allowed to both those who itemize their deductions as well as to non-itemizers. However, the deduction cannot be taken by a taxpayer who elects to deduct State and local sales taxes in lieu of State and local income taxes.

Expanded and revised higher education tax credit

The new law creates a $2,500 higher education tax credit that is available for the first four years of college. The credit is based on 100% of the first $2,000 of tuition and related expenses (including books) paid during the tax year and 25% of the next $2,000 of tuition and related expenses paid during the tax year, subject to a phase-out for AGI in excess of $80,000 ($160,000 for married couples filing jointly). Forty percent of the credit is refundable. The new credit temporarily replaces the Hope credit.

Refundable credit for certain federal and state pensioners

The new law provides a one-time refundable tax credit of $250 in 2009 to certain government retirees who are not eligible for Social Security benefits. This one-time credit is a reduction to any allowable Making Work Pay credit.

Unemployment compensation exclusion

A provision temporarily suspends federal income tax on the first $2,400 of unemployment benefits received by a recipient in 2009.

Expanded earned income tax credit

The new law provides tax relief to families with three or more children and increases marriage penalty relief. The changes apply for 2009 and 2010.

Expanded child tax credit

A measure increases the eligibility for the refundable child tax credit in 2009 and 2010 by lowering the threshold to $3,000 (from $8,500 in 2008).

Computers as an education expense

A provision permits computers and computer technology to qualify as qualified education expenses in 529 education plans for tax years beginning in 2009 and 2010.

Alternative minimum tax (AMT) patch

To hold the number of taxpayers subject to the AMT at bay, the new law increases the AMT exemption amounts for 2009 to $46,700 for individuals and $70,950 for joint returns, and allows the personal credits against the AMT. While this patch gives us timely knowledge of what the AMT tax will be for 2009 (they usually approve this patch towards the end of the year) it does not provide a permanent solution to the AMT problem.

Energy Incentives

Among the various energy incentives in the new law is an increase in the tax credit for residential energy improvements, such as installing insulation, energy-efficient windows, and other energy-savers.

Cobra Benefits

Employees of employers with more than 35 employees who lose their jobs between September 1, 2008, and January 1, 2010, may elect to pay 35% of their COBRA coverage and have that treated as paying the full amount. The former employer is required to pay the remaining 65% and will be credited for this amount against income tax withholding and payroll taxes otherwise payable to the federal government. Income and other limitations on COBRA coverage apply.

Congress recently passed three laws that contain some tax provisions. Here’s a quick overview:

FARM ACT- The Food, Conservation and Energy Act of 2008 was vetoed by President Bush but became law when Congress overrode his veto. As the short title implies, the law mainly affects farmers and includes provisions on conservation donations, race horse depreciation, timber sales, CCC loan transactions, and farm loss deductions. Relief for certain disaster victims and increases in estimated tax payments for large corporations in 2012 are among other miscellaneous provisions.

HEROES ACT- The Heroes Earnings Assistance and Relief Tax Act of 2008 provides tax breaks for military personnel, civilian employers of those called to military service, veterans, and reservists serving in the military. The Act’s revenue-raising provisions include an increase in the minimum penalty for failing to file a tax return, a requirement that certain foreign subsidiaries of U.S. corporations must now pay employment taxes, and an immediate tax bill on Americans who give up their U.S. citizenship to escape income and estate taxes.

HOUSING ACT- The Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008 was passed to provide financial stability to the troubled housing market and tax relief to homeowners and home buyers. The law gives first-time home buyers a refundable tax credit of up to $7,500 that must be paid back over 15 years. The credit phases out for singles with incomes over $75,000 ($150,000 for couples) and is available for home purchases from  April 9, 2008, through June 30, 2009. Another provision gives homeowners an additional standard deduction for real property taxes in 2008.  The maximum deduction is $500 for singles and $1000 for joint filers. One of the revenue-raising provisions in the law will limit the exclusion of gain on the sale of a principal residence that had been used previously as a rental property or second home. Use this calculator to determine your tax savings.